Define the term “sigma” in the context of Six Sigma.

The term “sigma” in the context of Six Sigma refers specifically to a statistical measure of process deviation. In Six Sigma methodology, sigma represents the standard deviation, which quantifies how much variation exists within a process. The goal of Six Sigma is to minimize this variation to improve quality and consistency in processes.

By effectively using sigma, organizations can understand how often a process deviates from its desired performance level. This understanding allows for the identification of areas for improvement, leading to enhanced process control and increased satisfaction for both customers and stakeholders. The focus on reducing defects to a level of 3.4 defects per million opportunities is rooted in this statistical understanding of deviation, making sigma a cornerstone of the Six Sigma framework.